We are a Teenager of the Meena Tribe, and we proud of our culture and we respect our "samaj". We have some questions.
1.Why we don't know about our history?
2.Why Our Tribe was treated as a criminal Tribe?
3.Why some People hate Us (specially, when they know that we are From ST ).
4.Why our parents don't give freedom whether it is Boy/Girl ( As compared to other Guys).
Thanks to God for giving us the best Parents. But, why they don't want their children as an Owner of the Company, As a Musician
The oral history preserved in the traditional folktales and folklores of this tribe affirm the kingdom of Meena (Mindesh) with its capital at Amber.”Meena history spread over eleventh (11th) and twelfth (12th) century AD.[1]
Oral History- tells the heroic tales of violent clashes between Meena and Rajput chiefs are centered around Dhundhar- the ancient kingdom of the Meenas. The name Dhundhar is derived from a celebrated sacrificial mount on the western frontiers near Jobner.[2]
At the beginning of the eleventh century, the Kachchhwahs (turtles) from Narwar snatched the territory from the Meenas (fish) of the Matsya region and established the mighty Kachhwaha kingdom of Amber.
MATSYA to MEENA
Content warning: contains racist language and descriptions of violence.
MATSYA or MEENA was the name of a KSHATRIYA TRIBE
The Rig Veda mentions Pure Kshatriya tribes of ancient India which includes Bhāratas, Meenas, etc.
The Meena King (Raja Ralun Singh) also known as Alan Singh Chanda of Khogong. Kind-heartedly adopted a stranded Rajput mother and her child who sought refuge in his realm. Later, the Meena king sent the child, Dhola Rae, to Delhi to represent the Meena kingdom.
The Rajput, in gratitude for these favours, returned with Rajput conspirers and massacred the weaponless Meenas on Diwali while performing rituals i.e. Pitra Trapan, it is customary in the Meenas to be weaponless at the time of PitraTrapan.
[Tod.II.281] and thus conquered Khogong. This act of Kachwaha Rajputs was termed as most coward and shameful in history.[3][4]
Indus Fish symbol and Vishnu Another interesting coincidence is ‘Vishnu Sahasra nama ‘ describes Vishnu as a Fish –‘Rohithaya’ (name 364). More over Lord Vishnu’s first incarnation was a Fish ( Matsya Avatar) and many Indus scholars agree that the Indus fish symbol denotes god. Fish is drawn on many seals and objects in the Indus valley. This animals are worshipped by the Hindus for thousands of years.
Seal from indus valley , we can saw the FISH sign in many seals and it may refers to an ancient kingdom (matsya kingdom)[6]
“The meena's are possibly of inner Asiatic origin, and tradition suggests that they migrated to India in the 7th century . According to evidences and scholars, Meena tribe is one of the oldest tribal community,residing since 30,000 years. Around 7000 BCE, the first known Neolithic settlements appeared on the subcontinent in Mehrgarh.These gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilisation, the first urban culture in South Asia .
In the Vedic period, around the 5th century BCE, the chiefdoms of the Ganges Plain and the north-western regions had consolidated into 16 major oligarchies and monarchies that were known as the mahajanapadas, in which Matsya janpad of Meena tribe established their kingdom in Rajasthan.
Meengarh(Meena kingdom) was situated somewhere on the bank of river Indus. Here, there were some 152 states of Meenas[7][8][9]. This is contemporary to the period of Indus Valley Civilization (2600 to 1800 bc). The Jaga-ke-pothi mentions that from these 152 states, originated 152 original gotras of Meenas.Matsya Kingdom(proper) & Kalibangan in Rajasthan was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization.[10]
There definitely is lost treasure in India. Unfortunately, I have not researched any of them. That would have to be up to you. I would suggest checking at your local library. If you can’t find any information in the stacks, seek out the Reference Librarian. They have ways of finding the information you seek.
Happy hunting
Alwar Fort, RajasthanDuring the exile of Emperor Jehangir, the emperor sought refuge in Alwar Fort of Rajasthan. It is believed that he hid a great deal of treasure here while he was on the run. While some of it was found, there was quite some part of it still uncovered.
Mughal Treasure of Alwar, Rajasthan – Alwar Fort is about 150 km from Delhi in the Alwar District of Rajasthan. According to local folklore, Mughal Emperor Jehangir took refuge here when he was exiled and that he hid his treasure here while on the run. It is believed that not all of the treasure was salvaged and most of it still lies hidden in the fort. Even before the rise of Mughal Empire, Kingdom of Alwar was a prosperous one and its treasure among other things is believed to have consisted of a drinking cup cut out of a single emerald.
Jaigarh Fort, JaipurWhen Man Singh I was on his way from the Afghan conquest, he had a huge chest of treasure with him. Sources have revealed that he never shared all the treasure with the king. He hid some of it in Jaigarh Fort. There is also a parallel story which states that the then PM Indira Gandhi, ordered a search in hunt of the treasure. No one knows how successful the hunt was. So, by all means, the treasure lays hidden in the fort and you might stand a fair chance of getting lucky.
Jaigarh Fort treasure – The massive treasure hoard is consituted of more than twenty different types of precious stones, including diamonds, rubies, emeralds and opals, almost all faceted with great craftsmanship and ability. The amount of jewellery and stones is just incredible, totalling an incredible 350 kilograms. On top of that, the stash also contained many ancient ceramics and crystalware item of inestimable value. A group of construction workers employed to the restoration of the ancient Moghul structure near Jaipur, in Rajasthan, have uncovered last week, an incredible stash of jewellery and gemstones that could be worth billions of dollars.
What happened to Jaigarh Fort’s treasure and its connection with Indira Gandhi?
Credit: ThinkStock Photos Rajasthan has a special aura, and then there is this feel in its ambience that one cannot experience anywhere else. Wondering what? Once you find yourself in Rajasthan, you have an eerie feeling as if you have stepped in history and could relive battles that were fought here.
In fact, Rajasthan is home to forts and structures like the Jaigarh Fort that whisper some intriguing tales of horror and betrayal. Also, Rajasthan served as a battlefield for many important battles. Here, the Battle of Jalore in 1310 – 11 was fought in which Alauddin Khilji defeated Kanhad Deo after a long tiring war; the two famous Mughal invasions of Marwar by Akbar in 1562 – 1583, and Aurangzeb in 1679 – 1707. Not to forget, the Battle of Sammel was fought here in 1544.
So, it is not difficult to imagine what more Rajasthan can offer you when it has been such a hot field for battle and betrayal. The entire region is basking with forts, palaces, havelis that stand tall to tell the tales of horror and glory. Yet, if you flip the pages of history, you will find that humankind has not changed in all these years, for we have still have wars raging on. Photo by: Ankto420, Creative Commons Attribution Licence Jaigarh Fort is one glaring example that bears witness to torture from both past and present. If it was exploited in its heyday, the fort suffered in our hands even during the 20th century. Once you are in this opulent structure, there is a lot than what meets your eyes.
This article digs all the intriguing facts to gauge Jaigarh Fort’s interesting history. However, before jumping guns, let us explore Jaigarh Fort in detail. A little about Jaigarh Fort Built between 15th and 18th centuries, Jaigarh Fort is a tourist’s delight. To get an overview of Rajasthan’s history and culture, a trip to this fort might enlighten you. Also known as the ‘Victory Fort’, the structure and built of the fort will give you a glimpse of medieval India. Credit: ThinkStock Photos It once used to be the centre, where royal treasury was kept and even acted as the defence system of Amer. It was built in 1726 AD by Sawan Jai Singh II and sits at several hundred feet above the sea level. The almost-intact fort is enclosed by huge walls and is connected to the Amer Fort with subterranean passages. It is believed to be built to protect the Amer Fort and is one of the strongest monuments of Jaipur.
More intriguing facts about Jaigarh Fort The unending walls ― No matter where you are in Amer, one thing that you can see from anywhere are the huge red walls of Jaigarh Fort. The walls seem endless, which are basically made up of sandstones and cover an area of 3 km. Credit: ThinkStock Photos Jaivana ― It is the world’s largest wheeled cannon ever constructed, located in Jaigarh Fort. The cannon was built in the fort itself. But, however big its size is, it was never used during an actual battle. Irony!
The mysterious water tank ― The water tank behind the cannon is like any regular water tank, though huge in size. It has rainwater harvesting facility, and has the potential to store around 6 million gallons of water. The water tank has been a matter of discussion not just in the early centuries, but also in the 20th century.
It is believed that Kachwaha Dynasty used this fort to store their treasures. In fact, legends have it that the fort has chambers below the tank, where the loot from a successful siege by Maharaja Man Singh was hidden.
Jaigarh Fort and its connection with Indira Gandhi During its heyday, it stood tall as a protector of Amer Fort, while in the recent times too the fort managed to create quite a stir with its intriguing tales, which are believed to be rumours. It was during the Emergency in 1977, that the fort found itself in the midst of political turmoil. The then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi launched a search operation in all buildings on a tip-off that the fort’s water tanks and precincts had hidden treasure stored in huge amounts. Photo by: Meenal2107, Creative Commons Attribution Licence At this point of time, Gayatri Devi was imprisoned and Indira Gandhi though it to be the apt time to search Jaipur royal properties for treasure. It is still debatable whether Indira Gandhi was able to lay her hands on the treasure, or the search operation turned futile and had to be called off.
Yet, one thing cannot be discarded, rumours cannot hold their ground for long if there is no truth attached to them. Chances are still high that the Jaigarh and Amer forts are still guarding the treasures in full might. Maybe someday, someone…
The Minas are a non-Aryan tribe who occupied and ruled Jaipur territory till they were dispossessed of their lands and reduced to sub- jection by the advancing waves of Rajput colonization in the thirteenth century, as the Gaels of Scotland were ousted by the more civilized Saxons and driven away from the plains to the Highland.
Ethnologist hold that the Meos Of Mewat and the Minas Of Rajputana and the Punjab are really of a common origin—
the Meos are at least nominally Muhammadans by religion, while the Minas are Hindus.
Philologists derive the name of their cradleland Mewat from the Sanskrit Mina-wati or 'rich in fish'. The term matsya-desh or fish-country was applied to this region up to the north-eastern part of Jaipur in the ancient Hindu epics.
Russell writes,
it is recognised that the Minas are a caste of the most mixed and impure descent (probably from Rajput immigrant fathers and aboriginal mothers) ... Another piece of evidence of the Dravidian of the tribe is the fact that there exists even now a group of Dehdia or impure Minas, who do not refug to eat cow's Flesh .
The Chaukidari Minas, disposessed of their lands, resorted to the hills, and here they developed into a community of thieves and bandits recruited from all the out castes of society.
But whatever may be their true ethnic origin, today the Minas of upper Rajputana are Hindus of the straitest sect; all castes of Hin- dus (except brahmans and banias only) will partake of food which has been prepared by them, and even these two castes will drink water which has been drawn by a Mina'. (Col. Hervey) Sir Denzil Ibbetson wrote in 1881,
The Minas are the boldest of our criminal classes... In Marwar they are armed with small bows which do considerable execution. They travel geat distance in gangs of from twelve to twenty men, practising robbery and dacoity as far as the Deccan. They have agents in all the large cities Rajputana and the Deccan who give them information. The criminal Minas are now said inhabit a tract of country about 65 miles long and 40 it-retching from Shahpura (some 40 miles north of Jaipur) to Guraora in the Gurgaon district on the Rohtak border.
Before the Rajput penetration, the central region of. Jaipur State was ruled by a number of petty Mina chieftains each living in his fort. carrying on depredations on the trade caravans, and owing a very loose allegiance to the Mina Rajah of who was nominally the head of the clan. The incoming Kachhwas, under their Rajah Dulha Rai and his successors, conquered the forts of these aboriginal chiefs and reduced their race to subjection; but the chiefs were given jagirs, which their descendants still enjoy
Originally, these tribal chiefs reduced to landlords were twelve in number, hence they are known as the Bara Mina Baragaon The lands they enjoy were given on service tenure; the condition was that one man was to be produced for the service of the Jaipur rajah for each or 120 bighas of land.
As the descendants of the original grantees multiplied with time, their lands were minutely fragmented, the period Of service Of each shareholder being pro- proportionately reduced. number of such men has increased to 1712 at present. These Minas now perform watch and ward duties .
The Minas are a non-Aryan tribe who occupied and ruled Jaipur territory till they were dispossessed of their lands and reduced to sub- jection by the advancing waves of Rajput colonization in the thirteenth century, as the Gaels of Scotland were ousted by the more civilized Saxons and driven away from the plains to the Highland.
Ethnologist hold that the Meos Of Mewat and the Minas Of Rajputana and the Punjab are really of a common origin—
the Meos are at least nominally Muhammadans by religion, while the Minas are Hindus.
Philologists derive the name of their cradleland Mewat from the Sanskrit Mina-wati or 'rich in fish'. The term matsya-desh or fish-country was applied to this region up to the north-eastern part of Jaipur in the ancient Hindu epics.
Russell writes,
it is recognised that the Minas are a caste of the most mixed and impure descent (probably from Rajput immigrant fathers and aboriginal mothers) ... Another piece of evidence of the Dravidian of the tribe is the fact that there exists even now a group of Dehdia or impure Minas, who do not refug to eat cow's Flesh .
The Chaukidari Minas, disposessed of their lands, resorted to the hills, and here they developed into a community of thieves and bandits recruited from all the out castes of society.
But whatever may be their true ethnic origin, today the Minas of upper Rajputana are Hindus of the straitest sect; all castes of Hin- dus (except brahmans and banias only) will partake of food which has been prepared by them, and even these two castes will drink water which has been drawn by a Mina'. (Col. Hervey) Sir Denzil Ibbetson wrote in 1881,
Dasharatha Sharma[4] considers Meenas in the list of Antyajas and writes....Last in the social scale stood the Antyajas. . An allied tribe was that of the Minas who lived in and at times terrorised parts of south east Rajasthan by their predator activities.
The Bavaris, according to Dr. D.R. Bhandarkar, are perhaps referred to in the Jalor Inscription of V. 1239. [5] The Antyaja who helped Lakshmana in the foundation of his kingdom [6] may have been a Meena or Bhil or perhaps even a Bavari.
Amer (sometimes known as Amber, modern Jaipur from 1727) was one of the Rajput kingdoms of Rajasthan which existed in India in the modern north-west of the country. It was centred around the city of Amer (close to modern Jaipur) in eastern Rajasthan, near Delhi. Amber was originally a Meena kingdom which was founded by the Chanda Meena king, Alan Singh, but was later captured by the Kachwaha Rajputs around 1036 or 1037. The Kachwahas claim descent from Raja Nal of Ayodhya, a member of one of the Rajput Hindu warrior clans. The word 'rajput' itself literally means 'the son of the king', with the people being known for their valour. In 1727, Sawai Jai Singh II shifted his capital from Amber to a newly constructed city very nearby which he named Jaipur. By now this was the senior Kachwaha clan and state.
There were a number of small Rajput kingdoms which emerged between the sixth and thirteenth centuries, including Alwar, Bikaner, Bundi, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Malwa, Kannauj, and Mewar, and all were eventually conquered by the Moghuls.
Amrapura
Amber was capital of Meena kings. Its ancient name was Amrapura (आम्रपुर). Founded by the Meena Raja Alan Singh (He was from Chanda clan of Meenas), Amber was a flourishing settlement as far back as 967 AD. Around 1037 AD, it was conquered by the Kachwaha clan of Rajputs. Much of the present structure known as Amber fort is actually the palace built by the great conqueror Raja Man Singh I who ruled from 1590 - 1614 AD.
Col. G. B. Malleson[10] writes.... The kingdom of Jaipur, better known as the kingdom of Amber or Dhundhar, was founded by Dhola Rae in the year 957. Dhola Rae was thirty-fourth in descent from Raja Nal, traditional founder of the kingdom and city of Narwar. Raja Nal is said to have been lineally descended from Kush, the second son of Rama, King of Koshala, whose capital was Ayodhya, the modern Oudh. Hence the reigning family in Jaipur has been known from time immemorial as the Katchhawa family or rule.
[p.321]: consulted the Meena dhadhi1 or bard, as to the best means of executing his plan, he recommended him to take advantage of the festival of the Dewali, when it is customary to perform the ablutions en masse, in a tank. Having brought a few of his Rajpoot brethren from Dehli, he accomplished his object, filling the reservoirs in which the Meenas bathed with their dead bodies. The treacherous bard did not escape ; Dhola Rae put him to death with his own hand, observing, " he who had proved unfaithful to one master, could not be trusted by another."
Dhola Rae killed in war with Meenas:
Dhola subsequently married the daughter of the prince of Ajmer, whose name was Maroni. Returning on one occasion with her from visiting the shrine of Jumwahi Mata, the whole force of the Meenas of that region assembled, to the number of eleven thousand, to oppose his passage through their country. Dhola gave them battle : but after slaying vast numbers of his foes, he was himself killed, and his followers fled. Maroni escaped, and bore a posthumous child, who was named Kankul, and who conquered the country of Dhoondar. His son, Maidul Rao, made a conquest of Amber from the Soosawut Meenas, the residence of their chief, named Bhatto, who had the title of Rao, and was head of the Meena confederation. He also subdued the Nandla Meenas, and added the district of Gatoor-Gatti to his territory.
Dhadi, dholi, Dhom, Jaega, are all terms for the bards or minstrels of the Meena tribes.
James Tod[13] writes that having resigned Bumaoda to Hara-Raj, Rao Dewa came to Bandu-Nal, the spot where his ancestor Colun was cured of disease. Here the Meenas of the Usarda tribe dwelt, under the patriarchal government of Jaita, their chief there was then no regular city ; the extremities of the valley (thal) were closed with barriers of masonry and gates, and the huts of the Meenas were scattered wherever their fancy led them to build.
It was in S. 1398 (A.D. 1342) that Jaita and the Meenas of Usarra clan acknowledged Rae Dewa the HaraChauhan as their lord, who erected Bundi in the valley of the Bandu-ca-Nal, which henceforth became the capital of the Haras.
Nayan Kingdom of Meenas
An important kingdom of Meenas was on Naen or Nayan. It was ruled by Rao Bada Meena, which was destroyed by Bharmal Kachhawa (father of Jodha Bai) with aid from the Mughal connections. On its ruins he erected the town of Lowain. In local language there is a famous quotation , Rao Bada ko bijano akbar ko darbar, it means a hand made fan of Rao Bada in his palace was considered as having worth equivalent to the whole treasury of Akbar. Akbar wanted to marry Shashiwadini (daughter of Rao Bada Meena) but she refused to do so, after that Akbar married with Bharmal's daughter Jodhabai and the combined army of Akbar and Bharmal won the kingdom Naen and grab all treasure and buried that under the Chil ka Tila (a mountain, on which Jaigarh fort has been built). [14]
violent, plundering criminals and an anti-social ethnic tribal group.
Nandini Sinha Kapur, a historian who has studied early India, notes that the oral traditions of the Meenas were developed from the early 19th century AD in an attempt to reconstruct their identity. She says of this process, which continued throughout the 20th century, that "The Minas try to furnish themselves a respectable present by giving themselves a glorious past". In common with the people of countries such as Finland and Scotland, the Meenas found it necessary to invent tradition through oral accounts, one of the primary uses of which is recognised by both historians and sociologists as being "social protest against injustices, exploitation and oppression, a raison d'être that helps to retrieve the image of a community."
Kapur notes that the Meenas not merely lack a recorded history of their own but also have been depicted in a negative manner both by medieval Persian accounts and records of the colonial period. From medieval times through to the British Raj, references to the Meenas describe them as violent, plundering criminals and an anti-social ethnic tribal group.[15]
Location of early Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes [[Matsya]]
Early Janapadas (People / Tribes) (c. 1700-1100 BCE)
Early Vedic civilization (1700–1100 BCE) and the location of early Indo-Aryan population and tribes.After roughly 1500 BCE Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes were swiftly expanding through ancient northern India, therefore the number of peoples, tribes and clans was increasing and Āryāvarta was becoming a very large area.
The Druhyu were a people of Vedic India. They are referenced in the Rigveda,typically along with the Anu tribe.Some early researchers have put them in the northwestern region.The later messages, the Epic and the Puranas, find them in the "north", that is, in Gandhara, Aratta and Setu. (Vishnu Purana IV.17) The Druhyus were driven out of the place where there is the seven waterways, and their next lord, Gandhara, got comfortable a north-western area which got known as Gandhāra. The children of the later Druhyu lord Pracetas too get comfortable the "northern" (udīcya) district (Bhagavata 9.23.15-16; Visnu 4.17.5; Vayu 99.11-12; Brahmanda 3.74.11-12 and Matsya 48.9.)
NOTE*- DNA report at bottom Which proves The inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization
Indo-Aryan Tribe
Matsya
Viṣṇu in Matsya avatar (half fish, half human). Meena Tribe Origin:- Matsya kigndom and Matsya people are presently known as Matsya Tribe or Meena tribe
Meena's ([miːɳaː]) is a clan found basically in the Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh areas of India. Its name is likewise transcribed as Meenanda or Mina. The Meenas claims that they association with the Matsya Avatar of Lord Vishnu, and the antiquated Matsya Kingdom.[4]
Mina / Meena: Mina's tribesmen and women usually have a strong physique with a built-up athletic body, wide eyes and sharp features.It is believed to be the inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization.Easter part of the state in the Easter region of the Rajasthan belt is the main region where Minas is in populous condition.[5]Approximately 39 percent of the Rajasthan tribes are Bhils.The original inhabitants of the Indus Valley civilization, Minas have a tall, athletic body with angular features, wide eyes, broad lips and a light brown complexion.They have been found to rule the regions of Shekhawati and Eastern Rajasthan.[6][5]
In ancient times Matsya was the empire, after several centuries the Matsya empire was dwindling and thus the Matsya (Meena) people were known as the Matsya tribe / race or clan. The Meenas assert a mythological descent from Vishnu's Matsya avatar, or fish incarnation. They also assert to be descendants of the people of the Matsya Kingdom who flourished in the 6th century B.C.[7] The historian Pramod Kumar states that it is likely that the tribes living in the ancient Matsya Kingdom were called Meena. They are called adivasi (Aboriginals).
Adivasi
The term Adivasi derives from the Hindi word 'adi' which means of earliest times or from the beginning and 'vasi' meaninginhabitant or resident[8]
Furthermore, Manu was supplied with incredible insight and gave to excellence. Furthermore, he turned into the ancestor of a line. Also, in Manu's race have been brought into the world every single individual, who have, accordingly, been called Manavas. What's more, it is of Manu that all men including Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Sudras, and others have been dropped, and are accordingly completely called Manavas.
In this way, the Brahmanas got joined with the Kshatriyas. Furthermore, those children of Manu that were Brahmanas dedicated themselves to the investigation of the Vedas. Also, Manu sired ten other youngsters named:[13]
They all betook themselves to the acts of Kshatriyas (warriors). Other than these, Manu had fifty different children on Earth. However, it was heard that they all died, quarreling with one another.[14]
The Meena tribe is divided into several clans and sub-clans, which are named after their ancestors.Bhil Meena is another sub-division among the Meenas. Other prevalent social groupings are Zamindar Meena and the Chaukidar Meena.[15]
As we know that matsya kingdom is also known as the Dravida Kingdom.[16]So it also shows that the present meena tribe is connected to the Matsya and that's why the meena tribe is considered to be the matsya tribe.
So the conclusion is that the Meena tribe are descendants from the Indus Valley Civilization[17]
The inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization are presently known as Meena.
Rajasthan lies on India 's northwest frontier, and has operated since prehistoric and historic times as a major route for human movements. The present study was carried out to gain an insight into the inter- and intrapopulation affinities or variations among the six Rajasthan population groups. Samples of DNA from 221 unrelated individuals belonging to six endogamous Rajasthan population groups, including both tribal (Bhil, Damaria, Garasia, Mina and Saharia) and caste (Rajput) populations, were screened for 12 DNA markers (seven Alu indel and five RFLP). In all the populations analysed all the loci were found to be polymorphic.Rajasthan is also very rich in archaeological terms,Containing sites of civilisation in the Paleolithic (Didwana), Mesolithic (Bagor), NeoChalcolithic (Ahar, Balathal and Gilund) and IndusValley (Kalibangan).
Comparison of Rajasthan 's 6 population classes Usage of a neighbouring joining tree shows the Rajputs and Meena's form a band (Figure 2).
Ethnically, this was also true The Meena's have been recorded to share many clan names with The Damaria, Saharias, Bhils, and Garasias, while the Rajputs. All form separate branches that can be attributed to their branches Diverse backgrounds.
The present study reveals a high geneticheterogeneity of the Rajasthan populations with respect to 12 autosomal loci. By and large, the caste and tribal groups have a close genetic relation. The major inference from the populations studied in this paper is the existence of an inflow of Eurasian genes into already existing gene pools, i.e. probably protoAustraloid, which was reported to have a Dravidian linguistic lineage.
This article is not only about Matsya and Meena, but it is about the Ancient Indus valley tribe and its inhabitants tribe. DNA shows that the caste and tribal groups have a close genetic relation.
^ Minahan, James B. (2012). Ethnic groups of South Asia and the Pacific : an encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 194. ISBN978-1-59884-659-1. OCLC1155360449.
^Noah as antihero : Darren Aronofsky's cinematic deluge. Burnette-Bletsch, Rhonda, 1970-. New York. 21 April 2017. p. 45. ISBN978-1-351-72070-0. OCLC984993657.
^ Sinha, Nandini (2000). "Reconstructing Identity and Situating Themselves in History: A Preliminary Note on the Meenas of Jaipur Locality". Indian Historical Review. 27 (1): 29–43. doi:10.1177/037698360002700103. ISSN0376-9836. S2CID141602938.
^ Jump up to:ab Meena, Madan (2020-05-27), "Educational constraints and condition of denotified, nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes in Rajasthan", Social Inclusion and Education in India, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge India, pp. 176–191, doi:10.4324/9780429281846-11, ISBN978-0-429-28184-6
^ Minahan, James (2012). Ethnic groups of South Asia and the Pacific : an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 194. ISBN978-1-59884-660-7. OCLC819572006.
^Sahiram: Ek adhūrī krānti, Shekhawati kā kisān āndolan (1922-1952). p. 3.
^ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples2016 087 World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples London Minority Rights Group International". Reference Reviews. 30 (3): 26–27. 2016-03-21. doi:10.1108/rr-12-2015-0298. ISSN0950-4125.
^ Minahan, James (30 August 2012). Ethnic groups of South Asia and the Pacific : an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif. ISBN978-1-59884-660-7. OCLC819572006.
^ Mittal, J. P. (2006). History of ancient India : a new version. New Delhi: Atlantic. p. 422. ISBN81-269-0617-0. OCLC135269936.
^ Thapar, Romila (14 October 2013). The past before us : historical traditions of early north India (First Harvard University Press ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts. ISBN978-0-674-72651-2. OCLC859536567.
^ Parmeshwaranand, Swami. (2001). Encyclopaedic dictionary of Purāṇas (1st ed.). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. ISBN81-7625-226-3. OCLC52204586.
^ Danver, Steven L. (2015-03-10). Native Peoples of the World: An Encylopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues. p. 550. doi:10.4324/9781315702155. ISBN9781315702155.
^ Vishwananda, Paramahamsa Sri Swami (7 March 2016). The Essence of Shreemad Bhagavatam. PublishDrive. pp. 300–301. ISBN9783940381521.
^ K. Mann, Rann Singh Mann (1989). Tribal Cultures and Change. Mittal Publications. pp. 15–16.